Dr. Clare W. Graves

22. Machiavellianism

Christie, 1958 - Machiavellianism Scale -- This test measures the degree to which the test subject agrees or disagrees with the principles of Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) pertaining to the doctrine that any means, however unscrupulous, may be justifiably employed by a ruler in order to maintain a strong central government - hence, characterized by political cunning or bad faith as stated in The Prince [1532] and the Discourses [1531]. He was concerned with how people can be manipulated and with what traits and tactics differentiated those who wield influence from those who are influenced. (Christie, 1958 - Machiavellianism Scale [Christie, Richard and Geis, Florence, Studies in Machiavellianism, Academic Press, 1970.]

Machiavellianism Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 53, 1966)
7 - 2 (Sign. < 5)	4 -
6 - 2 ( Sign. < 5)	2 - 4 (Sign. > 1-3-4)
5 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 6 - 7)	3 -
4 - 2 (Sign. < 5)	1 -

23. Cue Utilization

Greater abstractness should dispose toward a greater sensitivity to minimal cues and hence toward the ability of utilizing them more appropriately and completely in the solution of a problem: sensitivity to and utilization of cues.

Cue Utilization Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 53, 1966)
7 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 4 (Sign. > 1 - 2 - 3)
6 - 2.4 ( Sign. < 7)	3 - 3
5 - 1.9 (Sign. < 7)	2 - 2
4 - 1.7 (Sign. < 7)	1 - 1

24. Redundancy

The state of being redundant -- characterized by verbosity or unnecessary repetition in expressing ideas, superfluous.

Redundancy Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 53-54, 1966)
7 - 1.5 (Sign. < 4)	4 - like 3
6 - 3	3 - like 1
5 - 1.5 (Sign. < 4)	2 - like 4
4 - 4 (Sign. > 5 - 7)	1 - 4 (Sign. > 2 - 4)

25. Relevancy of Questions

Use of relevancy as a basis of guessing in problem solving.

Relevancy of Questions Rankings
Dr. Graves	Dr. Harvey (p. 53, 1966)
7 - 4 (Sign. > 4 - 5 - 6)	4 - 4
6 - 2 ( Sign. < 7)	3 - 3
5 - 3 (Sign. < 7)	2 - 2
4 - 1 (Sign. < 7)	1 - 1

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