Now, what are some of the implications
of this theory to the managerial profession? It is difficult to
decide where to start, but if two things are kept in mind we can
proceed: - First, the implications are many and involved and time
permits but limited discussion of a few. – Secondly, no
implication chosen for discussion is more important than any other
implication discussed nor is any one discussed more than any one
that may be left out. The thoughts to be expressed are no more
than the ruminations of the moment.
First, the theory suggests that the principles for managing
people will change as the dynamic systems evolve because what
people see as good for them or bad for them will also change. When
people are at the second level they will consider that it is good
for them to be told what to do, when to do it, how to do it and
those who are in power will consider it is good for them to tell.
Management will operate best in a pyramidal organization
structure, highly structured central systems, downward
communicating systems and individual incentives based on the
mechanization of jobs will exist. But when any large mass of the
supervised moves to the third level a radical change in managerial
principles will need to be developed and applied if management is
to be effective. Humanizing of the pyramidal structure will begin
to take place, management led participation management with
communication from above and feedback and feed up from below will
come into play. "Human relations training" of management
and supervision will be operant, socialization of work will take
place, group studies of attitude and morale will function,
grievance procedure will come in to humanize controls, incentive
payment will move to group incentives with individual pay a
decision of the group, not of management. Then when fourth level
behavior develops the flat or decentralized concept of the
organization will develop, power of decision will be moved
downward to he who should functionally make the decision. The
supervisor will begin to work for the supervised rather than the
underling working for the superior or the company. The Herzberg,
Mousner type of incentive to work system would operate etc.
This situation of changing dynamic systems requiring change in
managerial practices is much more complicated than just outlined.
One complication stems from the rate of change. The systems of
which I speak are probably changing at a rate that is almost
beyond comprehension. The systems are a function, as I see it, of
the life circumstances of people and these life circumstances are
in a rapid state of flux. The general progression since late 1940
has been out of second level systems, through third level and on
into fourth with some reaching for the fifth level. But at the
same time we have had regressions such as the 1957-58 recession,
the cold war, Sputnik and space anxiety which dropped many people
back. Some of this is still present today. This situation of
progression-regression brings us to a second implication.
At one and the same time, in most organizations, there will be
people who are operating at different dynamic levels. Therefore,
any manager must know how and upon whom to use what system of
management. A second level manager discussing how to supervise
with his first line people would need to be cognizant of all we
have said and more. Not only will some people require constantly
changing managerial practices because they are moving up the
scale; not only will some require constant not changing treatment
by management because they are fixated, but also some who are
unstable will require day to day, week to week or even month to
month shifting from one set of managerial principles to another
set of managerial principles. This group will be so sensitive to
changing life circumstances that they will swing from one dynamic
behavior level to another as rapidly as their life circumstances
change.
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